Coronavirus Vaccine Development Coronaviruses - 1609 Words

Stephanie Trimboli November 30th, 2015 Virology Research Paper Coronavirus Vaccine Development Coronaviruses became prominent in the last 15 years after two human outbreaks brought them to society’s attention. In 2003 a coronavirus began infecting people in China. It was named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and by the end of the epidemic over 8,000 people had been infected worldwide with more than 800 deaths (Weiss and Navas-Martin 2005). In 2012 a new coronavirus strain lead to another outbreak in Saudi Arabia. This virus was named the Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and more than one thousand cases were reported with 30% of infections resulting in death (Malczyk, Kupke et al. 2015). While these were not the first human coronavirus infections identified (HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 were identified in the 60’s), they were the first that caused anything more than a common cold, and therefore they caused public alarm (Graham, Donaldson et al. 2013). Research into the viral subfamily intensified in response and scie ntists elucidated more details about the replication, pathogenesis, and evolution of coronaviruses. The ultimate goal is to develop vaccines against the virus and prevent further death. To date, there is no available treatments or vaccines against MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV. Coronaviruses are a genus in the Coronaviridae family, which is in the order Nidovirales. They have a positive sense RNA genome 26-32 kb inShow MoreRelatedThe Middle East Respiratory Syndrome1821 Words   |  8 Pagesrespiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was rapidly transmitted across the general population. Transmission was most active within medical institutions, specifically the emergency rooms because of their overcrowded conditions. There are several interventions that can reduce the risk for MERS outbreaks in South Korea; however, the government’s lack of response in 2015 led to an epidemic that was larger than necessary. Furthermore, although there is currently no vaccine for the disease, MER S

Inequality in Latin America Essay - 3137 Words

Although Latin America has faced many social, political, and economic issues within the last three centuries, inequality remains one of the most important, historical, and omnipresent aspects of the region’s culture. As Europeans took over Latin America during the time of colonization, they implemented many elitist social structures that have held strong and are evident today (Harris). Income inequality is the most visible and greatest disparity that the region faces; yet inequality between gender, ethnicities, and education remain strong and significant problems with a necessity for improvement. Inequality of wealth and disparity of power and influence are Latin American’s greatest curses and are at the root of many of the†¦show more content†¦Only few Europeans came over to colonize, but their human capital, technology, wealth, and legal and economic institutions made it effortless to take control. Spain emerged as the leader in colonizing the New World and implemented encomiendas, aiding certain elites and giving little to the rest of the population. The Catholic Church, fueling Spain and Portugal’s exclusive ownership of land, led to social mobility and acquisition of titles. Led by elites, the Church had favorable settler condition and acquired land in order to gain immense wealth and express their position of elitism (Harris). The prompt initial land inequality fostered concentrated political power as well. Elites controlled the governments in order to protect their interests and diminish all possibilities of shifts of power to the lower classes (De Ferranti). After many countries in Latin America received their independence, limited change of conditions occurred and the elite maintained control in the new republics. The basis for economic inequality remained the same and the patterns persisted. In the early 19th century, the majority of countries had developed republican democracies yet the upper class still had the power to act in their own interests. A direct bearing established the extent of the elite’s ability to influence the formation of government policies. Landowners opposed any institutional change that could transfer powerShow MoreRelatedThe Inequality Of Latin America1673 Words   |  7 Pagesmines and fields and who served them, too, at table and in bed† (Chasteen 5). Many people would say this is where inequality in Latin America began, with colonization. However, colonization is just a small piece of the roots of inequality of the region, which actually started with the natives of the lands such as the Incas, Aztecs and Mayans. These three empires ruled most of the Latin American region and did so by conquering other native groups or tribes. The Empires had a ruling class or king thatRead MoreAnalysis of Capital, inequality and injustice in Latin America, by Richard L. Harris817 Words   |  4 Pagesinjustice in Latin America has shown to be one of the reasons for suc h concern of the extent globalization has taken with the lack of correspondence of human rights. Urbanization has expanded to this extent at the exploitation of the indigenous peoples human rights. The affect of modernizing countries (globalization) is thought to be a main contributor to the lack of human rights in most third world countries. Richard L. Harris in his article on Capital, inequality and injustice in Latin America, believesRead MoreEssay on The Impact of the Remittances in Latin America1400 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In Latin America migration and remittances have become structural features in the economy, the society, and in the political environment; due to the underdevelopment and inequality of the region. Because they relative importance, trends in migration and the impact of remittances in population of Latin America are the main topics that we will analyze in this research focusing on reduction of poverty and inequality. This research will aim to answer the next: Do remittances financeRead MorePoverty in Latin America805 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper will discuss the poverty in Latin America. Latin America has always been in poverty and although there have been some ups and downs, the poverty level remains great. First, we will discuss the region that is known as Latin America, the determining factors of poverty, the statistics and history of the poverty in Latin America and the future of the poverty in Latin America. Latin America refers to the areas of America in which the Spanish or Portuguese languages prevail. These areas includeRead MoreHow Education Is A Major Factor1738 Words   |  7 Pagesrealization that the United States is actually increasing slowly in income inequality. I saw this in another factor: health. The U.S. has a universal health care system that sometimes benefits people by providing little cost co-pays. The length of life varies among the individuals and it was found that additional income allows for better care of oneself. This says that greater income inequality will produce greater inequality of life spans within countries. The life expectancy gap in the United StatesRead MoreThe Liberator By Alberto Arvelo896 Words   |  4 Pagescreated to demonstrate the liberation of Latin America during the 1800s as well as the various obstacles Simà ³n Bolà ­var had overcome in order to free his country. The Liberator was an impactful film that truly demonstrated the hardships and inferiority of indigenous life due to Spain s reign of dominance which drastically damaged the overall tone and development of many Latin Americans. Throughout the duration of the film, various themes such as inequality, nationalism, and liberalism were presentRead MoreAmerica, Mexico, The Caribbean, And South America Make Up Latin America Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesCentral America, Mexico, the Caribbean, and South America make up Latin America. Approximately 640 million people reside in this region. Latin America is the largest foreign supplier of oil to the United States. It is the United States’ fastest growing trading partner, as well as its biggest supplier of illegal drugs. Latin America is also the largest source of U.S immigrants, both documented and not. The life expectancy for females is 72 years of age and the life expectancy for males is 79 yearsRead MoreAmerica s Trade Area Of The Americas1494 Words   |  6 PagesHistory Latin America is composed of seventeen countries which was colonized by Spain’s and Portugal. They are large in diverse population with four hundred and ninety million people in total. The percentage of the Indian and African that lives in Latin America is basically seventy-five percent just in the cities. The industrial and development grew since the 1960’s; also the free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) proposes to integrate economies of Latin America, North America and the Caribbean (exceptRead MoreWaves of Feminisms in Relation to the Female Characters of the House of the Spirits1589 Words   |  7 Pages(Shayne, 2007). Isabel Allende’s The House of the Spirits was strongly influenced by the three waves of Feminism. Allende’s focus throughout the novel was to diminish the gender inequality between men and women. Through her female characters Clara, Blanca, and Alba, Allende showcases the gradual rise of women in Latin American society. She incorporates political and societal aspects to emphasize women’s empowerment throughout the novel. Clara, Blanca, and Alba each individually represent the threeRead MoreGender Inequality During Latin American Countries1373 Words   |  6 Pages How has gender inequality affected women in Latin American countries? Gender inequality has affected the women of Latin America in a multitude of ways, but it can be argued that the division of gender equality is extremely prominent when analyzing reproductive rights and health care access. Compared to countries such as Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States, Latin America is far behind in terms of civil rights and reproductive rights. The lack of rights is not in question; women’s barrier

Information Management Approaches and Processes

Question: Discuss about the Information Management Approaches and Processes. Answer: Introduction: Today, a strong and dynamic communication system backed by a strong information management system is crucial for a companys existence and growth. Information management system of a company needs to be upgraded and the employees need to be trained to use it. The paper is a study about the information management system based on a case study and its advantages, disadvantages and ways to develop it. It also deals with the planning activities, the stakeholders, the human, financial and physical resources needed to develop a new information system. This is followed by the promotion and training needs, steps to monitor the effectiveness of the system and the legal and ethical aspects of it. Information Management System- Advantages and Disadvantages: Advantages: The information system maintained by the company was extensive and allowed the sales manager to keep a check on the performance of the sales representative. Such an extensive system of maintaining data also allows the company and its employees to maintain a healthy relationship with its customers (Shanmugam, Srinivas and Reddy 2014). An extensive information system minimizes the pressure of maintaining data. The sales representatives were able to be more productive since the reports which they prepare monthly helped them to preserve their respective customer base. An information system which is continuously upgraded and enhanced helps the employer to keep a check on the employee performance. A representative could also measure his own performance since he prepared the report himself. An extensively maintained information system which is under the control of the manager ensures the secrecy of crucial data. Such a system also prevents the representatives from distorting or manipulating the data to serve their own purpose. This also entertains that the management accedes to authentic data and frame accurate policies in the future (Roy 2016). Disadvantages: The reports were prepared by the sales representatives who were subordinates to the sales manager. They did not have any access to the report for future reference which prevented from utilizing the data base of the company. The fact that the sales manager alone had access to the reports once they were filed reveals that the chain of communication within the company was hindered by the hierarchical system. This could create lack of understanding between the various strata of employees and could give rise to a conflict. This could hamper the productivity and organizational culture in the company (Miller 2014). The information system was too centralized for a swift communication system in the company. Decentralization and access to the information and data would create a better understanding among the employee. It would also be taken as their involvement in the working of the company which will motivate them to be more productive (Miller 2014). The sales representatives have vast experience of sales which they can use in other departments and help the company to grow further. They should be promoted so that they are able train new representatives. This will also save the company from loosing strategic data and also from incurring heavy cost to recover it. Questions regarding the present information system: The following are questions regarding the practical utility of the information management system prevailing in ABC Timber and Hardware. The questions also stress on the evolving technology which is revolutionizing information system making them more user friendly and enhancing their importance. Is the present management system helpful to all? Does the information system give access when required? What are the new changes that have to be implemented to make the system more transparent and user friendly? Should there be a platform which will allow the employee to share their concern, experiences and doubts on real time basis? Should the sales representative given access to the report but without an oprion to edit any portion of it? Steps to improve management information system of ABC Timber and Hardware: The company should review its present communication system and try to improve it instead of setting up a new system. The company should create a department to obtain and maintain the information, which will also enhance the quality of the information system. Today, technology and digital platforms have empowered the information system around the world with real time communication system. The company should maintain files in electronic form which will make to information more user-friendly and readily available. Information in digital form can be obtained in various forms which can be used by the management and speed up the process of making strategies. This will also help the company to save storage place and the cost to maintain the data base in physical form. Effective participation of all employees is crucial today to maintain organization ethics and create an environment conductive to work. The company, ABC Timber and Hardware does not allow its employees in the lower positions to accede to the data base. This also prevents them from participating in the various decision making process of the company, thus giving space to probable conflict. Providing basic access to the information will increase the self respect of the employees thus, motivating them to perform better. Obtaining and maintaining data and documents in hard copy leaves them vulnerable to theft and deterioration with time. Setting up a automatic and user data base will secure the data from being stolen. It will also give the twelve branches access to these data on real time basis for reference and further guidance (Schwalbe 2015). Training and promotional needs to enhance the Information system: The company should upgrade its existing information system by preferring digitalization of the databases. It must acquire necessary software to prevent online theft of information and be specific about access to such information. The next step towards building a stronger information management system is training the human resource. The company must train the present employees with the new model or the advanced version of the existing model of information system it has. This will motivate the employees to participate in the organizations activities and improve their self esteem. The company should create a new department which will be dedicated towards maintaining data and also enhancing it. Training empowers an employee with the ability to adapt to changes in technology, management decisions and various other fields. Adapting and adopting latest technology helps an employee increase his productivity and motivates them. The new employees should be provided with a training on the information system and they should be induced to the organizational culture. ABC Timber and Hardware has 12 branches which is evident of its financial capability. The company should create reserve to fund its modernization of information system and also approach financial institutions for funds. The stakeholders are the parties who are related to the company and are affected by its performance. The shareholders can be from within an organization like the employees and the management. They can also be external parties like the customers, competitors, governments, financial institutions and the investors. A strong dynamic information system is indispensible for a strong promotion strategy of a company. A dynamic promotion strategy informs the stakeholders about the products, services, plans and policies of a company earning the company an advantageous position in the market. It should promote its information system among the customers, governments, financial institutions to create goodwill about itself. It can also help the company to acquire further capital required for the maintenance and up gradation of the information system. The company must promote its technology on the various media including digital platform to create goodwill and enhance it (Dell., Newton and Petroff 2016). Monitoring programs to measure effectiveness of information system: The effectiveness of the information system depends on continuous monitoring and improvements. The company can implement the following checks to judge the effectiveness of its information system: The company must assess the risk associated with installation of a new system to check its applicability and compatibility with the companys needs. The company must assess all the aspects before installing or upgrading its information management system like, financial requirement, personnel and so on. Assessment of Information management functionality: The company should also ensure that the information system is authentic and free from all frauds. The company should give due importance to the legal and intellectual property rights associated with the technology. Policies to enable success of information system: The system should be maintained and updated on regular basis according to the need of the company. Re-engineering of the system will enhance its efficiency and help it to serve the company better. The company must provide periodical training after every up gradation of the system. This will keep the employees up dated and adept at using the system to increase their efficiency (Peltier 2016). Legal and ethical issues of information system: Legal and ethical aspects are crucial matters which concern company when its installs a new information system or upgrades an existing one. The software should be free from frauds and breach of cyber laws. The information should be well protected from the cyber attacks to ensure protection of the valuable data. It should be ethical and accurate so that the company use the information to make business strategies(Schwalbe 2015) . Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that smooth flow of information plays tectonic role in employee performance. A modern information management system increases the efficiency of a company and has become a need today. However, it is not free from frauds and needs careful strategy at all levels of an organization. References: Dell, A.G., Newton, D.A. and Petroff, J.G., 2016.Assistive technology in the classroom: Enhancing the school experiences of students with disabilities. Pearson. Miller, K., 2014.Organizational communication: Approaches and processes. Nelson Education. Roy, J., 2016. Secrecy, Security and Digital Literacy in an Era of Meta-Data: Why the Canadian Westminster Model Falls Short.Intelligence and National Security,31(1), pp.95-117. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Shanmugam, K.R., Srinivas, K. and Reddy, K.S., 2014, December. INFORMATION and COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN EDUCATION: ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES, CONVENIENCES AND LIMITATIONS. InNATIONAL SEMINAR. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Peltier, T.R., 2016.Information Security Policies, Procedures, and Standards: guidelines for effective information security management. CRC Press.

Austrlia in Vietnam essays

Austrlia in Vietnam essays On the 3rd of August 1962, 29 Australian soldiers were flown to Saigon from Singapore. This marked the beginning of Australias in involvement in the Vietnam War. Australians served for ten and a half years in Vietnam, which was the longest war effort ever served by Australians. At its height Australian presence numbered 8,600 people. In all 50,000 Australian personnel served in the Vietnam War, of these 520 died and 2,400 were wounded. This war was the cause of the greatest social and political disturbance since the conscription referendum in World War One. The most commonly asked questions about this war are why was Australia involved in such a far off war, that seemed to have little to so with us, and how did the various groups respond within Australia. This report will confront the issues of the Vietnam War and answer these to vital questions in Australias history. Why Was Australia Involved in the Vietnam War? There are two main reasons why Australia fought in the Vietnam War, they are the so-called Domino Theory and the ANZUS treaty with the United States of- America. In 1954 US President Eisenhower coined this well-known theory. The Domino Theory stated that once one nation fell to communism it would almost definitely cause its neighboring countries to fall to the deadly clutches of communism. It was thought that this would continue causing a chain reaction, a reaction that mimics the falling of dominoes. As can be seen on the map to the left Australias proximity was very close to Vietnam so Australians believed that the only way to stop communism spreading to us was to fight against it in Vietnam. It was thought that the end point of this reaction was to be the southern countries such as Australia and New Zealand. This thought struck fear in the hearts and minds of the western world. In September of 1954 the minister for defence, ...

Mosasaurus Facts and Figures

Mosasaurus Facts and Figures The name Mosasaurus (pronounced MOE-zah-SORE-usis) is partly derived from the Latin word Mosa (the Meuse River), and the second half of the name comes from the word Sauros, which is Greek for lizard. This ocean-dwelling creature is from the late Cretaceous period (70 to 65 million years ago). Its distinguishing characteristics included a blunt, alligator-like head, fin on the end of its tail, and a hydrodynamic build. It was large- up to 50 feet long and weighing 15 tons- and subsisted on a diet of fish, squid, and shellfish. About Mosasaurus The remains of Mosasaurus were discovered well before educated society knew anything about evolution, dinosaurs, or marine reptiles- in a mine in Holland in the late 18th century (hence this creatures name,  in honor of  the nearby Meuse River). Importantly, the unearthing of these fossils led early naturalists like Georges Cuvier to speculate, for the first time, about the possibility of species going extinct, which flew in the face of accepted religious dogma of the time. (Until the late Enlightenment, most educated people believed that God created all the worlds animals in Biblical times and that the exact same animals existed 5,000 years ago as do today. Did we mention that they also had no conception of deep geologic time?) These fossils were variously interpreted as belonging to fish, whales, and even crocodiles; the closest guess (by the Dutch naturalist Adriaan Camper) was that they were giant monitor lizards. It was Georges Cuvier who established that the fearsome Mosasaurus was a giant member of the family of marine reptiles known as mosasaurs, which were characterized by their large heads, powerful jaws, streamlined bodies, and  hydrodynamic  front and rear flippers. Mosasaurs were only distantly related to the pliosaurs and plesiosaurs (sea serpents) that preceded them (and which they largely supplanted from the dominance of the worlds oceans during the late Cretaceous period). Today, evolutionary biologists believe they were most closely related to modern-day snakes and monitor lizards. The mosasaurs themselves went extinct 65 million years ago, along with their dinosaur and pterosaur cousins, by which time they may already have been succumbing to competition from better-adapted sharks. As with many animals that have lent their names to entire families, we know comparatively less about Mosasaurus than we do about better-attested mosasaurs like Plotosaurus and Tylosaurus.  The early confusion about this marine reptile is reflected in the various genera to which it was assigned in the course of the 19th century, including (take a deep breath) Batrachiosaurus, Batrachotherium, Drepanodon, Lesticodus, Baseodon, Nectoportheus, and Pterycollosaurus. There have also been close to 20 named species of Mosasaurus, which gradually fell by the wayside as their fossil specimens were assigned to other mosasaur genera; today, all that remain are the type species, M. hoffmanni, and four others. By the way, that shark-swallowing Mosasaurus in the movie Jurassic World may  seem impressive (both to people in the fictional park and people in the real-life movie-theater audience), but its completely out of scale: A real, 15-ton Mosasaurus would have been an order of magnitude smaller and much less impressive than its cinematic depiction- and  almost certainly  incapable of dragging a gigantic Indominus rex into the water.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 58

Essay Example They were strong dogs tamed for freighting purposes. More so, these dogs have strong endurance and enthusiasm. Alaskan malamutes are friendly, devoted companion, loyal and affectionate that is jovial, playful yet dignified. Natural selection implies that the species that survive and reproduce are the ancestors to the next generation of the specie. Those animals that fails to reproduce, die and will not survive or continue to exist. Therefore, natural selection means nature selects which specie survive in the sense that if their adaptation to the environment helps them to survive since they are able to pass their genes to their offspring’s, but if they cannot fully adapt, they die and get extinct (Darwin 65-6). Scientists state that the first group of beetles appeared during Jurassic era. During this time, major groups of dinosaurs appeared too. Beetles are good adaptors to new environment by changing their lifestyle and feeding habits when acquiring new environment. Beetles managed to survive because they are herbivores. Because the environment cannot support unlimited growth of beetles, not beetles in the forest tend to survive and reproduce to their full capabilities. In this context, the green beetles tend to survive and reproduce because they camouflage and not easily seen by birds but the brown ones are easily seen and eaten by birds thus they reproduce less and hence wiped out. Protein synthesis is the production of protein molecules in accordance with DNA sequences. Protein synthesis takes place many as required. Contrary, DNA replication is the process of DNA copying itself. DNA replication takes place only once in cell generation during the S phase of the cell cycle (Baldi 70). After RNA has delivered the amino acids to increasing polypeptide chain, it leaves the ribosome, goes back to cytoplasm and takes another amino acid. As the ribosome

Toyota Socio Cultural Bus310 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Toyota Socio Cultural Bus310 - Essay Example According to Kennedy (2003), one of the main factors that affect sales of Toyota Motor Company’s brands is socio-cultural factors as the document discusses. Every regional cluster differs in trends, size and customer preferences. The document compares the ASEAN and American clusters. The ASEAN cluster is the cluster that the Japanese automakers have dominated more than other clusters in the world. The Toyota Motor Company makes most of the sales in this cluster than any other part of the world. On the other hand, the American cluster is another consumer of the products of Toyota motor company (Liker & Meier, 2006). However, the rate of consumption is lower as compared to that of the ASEAN cluster. Socio-cultural factors are the leading cause of this notable difference between these two clusters. The socio-cultural factors affect the customer preferences of these two clusters. The aspect has hence caused the Toyota Motor Company to make use of a region-centric approach in the delivery of its products. The region-centric approach entails offering products to regions or clusters with respect to the culture and economies of the respective cluster. The ASEAN cluster, therefore, receives different products from the American cluster. The availability of local brands in the American cluster such as Ford is one of the social factors that affect the consumption of Toyota brands in America. Toyota model being an Asian product has consequently received much support in the ASEAN cluster which is an Asian based cluster. The aspect, therefore, clearly indicates that the brands consumers tend to lean more on the products that are of their own which is based on socio-cultural aspect (Liker & Meier, 2007). The Toyota Motor Company, however, has greatly achieved in making its sales despite variation in factors that tend to define the rate of their product’s consumption. The region-centric approach is one of the major approaches that are attributed to the company’s